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This guidance document aims to sharing WTO Secretatiat contribution regarding a facilitation mechanism that promotes the development, transfer and dissemination of clean and environmentally sound technologies, as the Rio Declaration requests UN agencies to do so.

This guidance document endeavours to present the provisions of the TRIPS Agreement that are most relevant. A spectrum of views has been expressed as to whether IPRs present a barrier to technology development, diffusion and transfer in developing countries, whether the IP system is an essential mechanism for technology development and diffusion, and the scope and implications for technology diffusion of existing international standards. 

This technical document develops a practical spreadsheet tool for evaluating a wide range of national level fiscal and regulatory policy options for reducing energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China. The model, which captures fuel use in the power, transport, and other energy sectors out to 2030, with fuel responsiveness parameterized to empirical literature, estimates the impacts of mitigation policies on CO2 emissions, revenue, premature deaths from local air pollution, household and industry groups. 

This analytical document highlights the importance of  practical policy implementation issues, within the context of the December 2015 Paris Agreement’s foundation for meaningful progress on addressing climate change. It takes stock of the wide-ranging implications for fiscal, financial, and macroeconomic policies of coming to grips with climate change.

This visual resource showcases ICAO’s is work to promote and develop capacity building programs to provide further assistance to States and facilitate the development and implementation of States Action Plans. The joint assistance project Capacity building for CO2 mitigation from international aviation aims at providing assistance to a selected group of 14 States in Africa and the Caribbean to support their efforts in developing and implementing their States’ Action Plans on CO2 emissions reduction from international aviation, to establish aviation environmental systems for emissions monitoring at the State level and to identify, evaluate and implement mitigation measures in selected States. 

This activity report shares information on the progress made over the last three years across key areas of ICAO’s environmental protection activities. This fourth edition builds on the success of the past reports. This compendium of technical and scientific articles informs the public of the work of the ICAO Secretariat, ICAO Member States and the many other stakeholders involved. As such, it is considered as the reference document in the area of international aviation and the environment and captures all main developments in this field.

This short video reports on the side event by the same title organized by UN-Water during COP21. A panel discussion brought together intergovernmental organizations, national and local government and the private sector to discuss how climate change impacts will be mostly felt on the water cycle, therefore existing water laws, transboundary agreements, water rights or concessions for water abstraction might need to be revisited and made more flexible to take into account the increasing variability in water availability. Water, land and forest management need to be considered jointly; the nexus approach calls for identifying and increasing synergies between water, energy and agriculture. Representatives of these sectors need to work together at all levels.

This technical document from the SEforALL Knowledge Hub conceptualizes a new multi-tier framework for defining and measuring access to energy. Binary metrics such as whether a household has an electricity connection, and whether a household cooks with non-solid fuels, do not help us understand the phenomenon of expanding energy access and how it impacts socioeconomic development. This report heralds a new definition and metric of energy access that is broader, covering energy for households, productive engagements and community facilities, and focusing on the quality of energy being accessed. 

This analytical document provides an update on how fast the world moved toward sustainable energy goals between 2010 and 2012. It tracks progress toward universal access to modern energy, doubling the rate of energy efficiency improvements and doubling the share of renewable energy consumption in the global energy mix. The report also assesses whether the world is moving fast enough to achieve those goals by 2030. 

This technical document aims to provide strategic direction to the Sustainable Energy for All platform and its partners that operate on a global basis. It focuses on how to move further, faster in the coming five years towards the delivery of SEforALL’s three, 2030 objectives: ensure universal access to modern energy services; double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency; and double the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. It is framed in the context of agreements reached on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) on energy and the Paris Agreement on climate change. 

This guidance document aims to assist Parties in implementing the Protocol on PRTRs. It also serves to promote understanding of this novel regulatory instrument and especially of the public’s role in promoting better environmental performance through the study and use of PRTRs. PRTRs can help countries meet the objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change treaty since they allow to monitor the release of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and of other toxic substances into the air, water and soil that seriously impact the environment and human health.

This technical document showcases standardized comparative risk assessment methods for estimating aggregate disease burdens attributable to different risk factors. These have been applied to existing and new models for a range of climate-sensitive diseases in order to estimate the effect of global climate change on current disease burdens and likely proportional changes in the future. 

This guidance document results from the EuroHEAT project on improving public health responses to extreme weather/heat-waves. It explains the importance of the development of heat–health action plans, their characteristics and core elements, with examples from several European countries that have begun their implementation and evaluation.

This activity report presents an overview of the science of the links between climate change and human health. It provides an update of the evidence on health risks caused by climate change, describes which populations are most vulnerable, and outlines the actions that will be necessary to protect health from climate change. 

This analytical document aims to inform discussions at the 2009 Copenhagen conference of parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Authored by an international group of public health, environmental, and other scientists, each focuses on one sector in which greenhouse-gas emissions need to be reduced. These sectors are household energy use, urban land transport, electricity generation, and food and agriculture. Health implications of actions are examined in both high-income and low-income countries designed to reduce the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases. 

This guidance document is based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) mandate from member states to develop “programmes for health systems that will contribute to reducing their own greenhouse gas emissions”. It begins to define a framework for analysing and addressing the health sector’s climate footprint – including identifying seven aspects of a climate-friendly hospital. It also draws on a series of examples from around the world that demonstrate that the health sector is indeed already beginning to provide leadership in this most important area of concern to the global community. 

This training  intends to improve the knowledge of health professionals on the associations and implications of climate change on human health and to enhance stronger and more efficient participation of the health sector in addressing climate change challenges. It’s designed for public health professionals who are actively involved in the management and decision-making process related to health programmes.

This policy document reviews the scientific evidence for the linkages between health and biodiversity, climate change and desertification, the representation of health in the corresponding Rio Conventions, and the opportunities for more integrated and effective policy. It the importance of human health as an integrating theme across sustainable development, and a strong motivation for concerted global actions to address global environmental change.

This technical document is designed to provide basic and flexible guidance on conducting a national or subnational assessment of current and future vulnerability (i.e. the susceptibility of a population or region to harm) to the health risks of climate change, and of policies and programmes that could increase resilience, taking into account the multiple determinants of climate-sensitive health outcomes.

This report provides a first review of the interactions between climate change, gender and health. The effects of climate on human society, and our ability to mitigate and adapt to them, are mediated by social factors, including gender. It documents evidence for gender differences in health risks that are likely to be exacerbated by climate change, and in adaptation and mitigation measures that can help to protect and promote health.