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This analytical report addresses the current state of reindeer husbandry of northern Mongolia and presents recommendations from the Mongolian reindeer herders for improving the sustainability of reindeer herding and the management of pastures and their homeland. The taiga, the ecosystem in which the Dukha, Mongolia’s reindeer herder community, live, is a biodiversity hotspot and has abundant natural resources, but is also one of the regions of Mongolia which could suffer the greatest impacts of climate change over the coming decades. The report also notes that a number of resource extraction activities are undermining the livelihoods of the Dukha.

This manual provides guidance on how to conduct sound analysis for the development of national policies and activities that would – if adopted – accelerate the transfer and diffusion of selected mitigation and adaptation technologies in a particular country. The target audience of this guidebook is the Technology Needs Assessment (TNA) National Teams and their consultants. However, the guidebook may serve a wider audience who are engaged in addressing barriers to the transfer and diffusion of technologies. It complements the information provided in the Handbook for Conducting Technology Needs Assessment for Climate Change by focusing primarily on identifying barriers that hinder the transfer and diffusion of prioritised technologies and on developing measures to overcome these barriers.

This analytical report has been produced to support policymakers and stakeholders in the context of increasingly evident resource constraints and growing economic and environmental risk and uncertainty that threaten the continued stability and prosperity of the Asia-Pacific region. It provides a closer look at resource use trends and at green growth strategies in response to the mounting challenges to sustainable development and in support of a transition towards green economies in the region.

This technical document evaluates how governments can use climate finance to lift barriers for the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices or the promotion of policies that alter the economic incentives for smallholder farmers. It states that, currently, the agricultural sector is at a disadvantage when competing for climate finance, compared with the industry and energy sectors. The document develops a number of proposals on how climate finance can support policies that seek to overcome investment barriers.

This technical document, which draws on literature and interviews, examines finance and risk-related obstacles hindering smallholders from participating in current carbon finance mechanisms. It also suggests a framework for identifying how to prioritize and aggregate smallholders to achieve mitigation at scale. The document includes recommendation for various stakeholder groups.

This analytical report presents the main insights from the BioCarbon Fund experience in accompanying the development and implementation of Afforestation / Reforestation Clean Development Mechanism (A/R CDM) projects covering the following aspects: (i) CDM regulations, (ii) land-related issues, (iii) non-permanence, (iv) land-related issues, (v) greenhouse gas accounting, (vi) finance, (vii) institutional arrangements, (viii) and under-delivery risk. The report concludes with a discussion of the reforms needed to scale up the A/R CDM in a significant manner and how this experience could inform the ongoing debate about other landbased carbon market mechanisms to mitigate climate change and support rural development.

This technical document summarizes knowledge and experiences in forest management as a response to climate change, based on a literature review and a survey of forest managers. This is part of an FAO-led process to prepare climate change guidelines for forest managers. It examines climate change impacts on forests and forest managers throughout the world. The document also reviews the main perceived challenges that climate change poses to forests and their managers. It summarizes experiences in preparing for and reacting to climate change in different types of forests. Finally, it indicates a number of gaps in enabling conditions (related to knowledge, institutional setting and culture) that hamper forest managers from responding effectively to climate change and its impacts.

This manual aims to promote gender-responsive and socially-sensitive climate change research and development in the agriculture and food security sectors through participatory approaches. It focuses on the household and community level. The guide is intended for agricultural development professionals who are using field-based research in their work with households and communities to respond to the impacts of climate change, prepare for future climate risks and impacts of climate change or modify agricultural practices to reduce contributions to climate change. It provides users with resources and tools for collecting, analysing and sharing gender-sensitive information about agricultural communities, households and individual household members.

This analytical report contains information on some of the many climate change initiatives – projects, campaigns, educational, tools, websites and publications – produced by the United Nations and young people. They ranged from global initiatives raising awareness for combating climate change to advocacy efforts at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations. This publication is intended to inform governments, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and young people on how youth participation has taken place at sessions of the UNFCCC starting with COP 5, highlighting increased efforts by young people to advocate for effective solutions to tackle climate change.

This analytical report is the outcome of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Foresight Panel and presents a careful and authoritative ranking of the most important emerging issues related to the global environment. The issues highlighted in the document include: reconnect science and policy, catalyze rapid and transformative changes in human behavior towards the environment, develop new insights on water-land interactions, accelerate the implementation of environmentally-friendly renewable energy, integrate biodiversity across the environmental and economic agendas, manage the unintended consequences of climate change mitigation and adaptation, and develop a new approach for minimizing risks of novel technologies and chemicals.

The technical document is based on the results of a survey conducted among 38 financial institutions, primarily from the private sector, with vast experience in financing renewable energy projects in developing countries. It outlines the current obstacles to sustainable energy solutions in Africa. In particular, it highlights the need for an estimated 7,000 megawatts (MW) of new generation capacity annually to meet the continent’s growing energy demands. It notices that adequately financing the development of the energy sector in sub-Saharan Africa is expected to require the mobilization of funds in the order of USD 41 billion per year, which represents 6.4 per cent of the region’s GDP. A large financing gap exists, therefore, in order to close this gap, and the mobilization of private investment and finance, is seen as crucial.

This book sets out the opportunities and emerging challenges in the area of sustainable development and climate change, and identifies innovative means for addressing them. The diverse voices in this book demonstrate that reorienting education systems in line with the principles of sustainable development is essential for helping learners to understand and act upon such threats as climate change, poverty, food scarcity and the loss of biodiversity. This book provides some answers as to how, through education, a better future for all can be prepared.

The technical document highlights the likely impact of climate change on children’s health, education, nutrition, safety and access to adequate housing and sanitation in South Africa – both directly and indirectly. In the case of South Africa, the impacts of climate change on children need to be considered in relation to wider development pressures affecting the country. Challenges such as international economic shocks and stresses, high levels of poverty and inequality, population changes, effects of HIV and AIDS, management of scarce natural resources and rapid urbanisation interact with climate change. South Africa has already taken steps to understand, recognise and address the challenges that climate change poses, yet the ability to recognise and address the needs of the country’s children is not well established.

This technical document is a centralized collection of designs, pictures, technical drawings, bill of quantities and cost-effective recommendations from different case studies collected from the field. It aims to help facilitate the job of implementing learning spaces after an emergency, with sound and clear technical information. Each case study can be adapted to local conditions after a proper technical analysis of the current emergency situation. Furthermore, the planning and response time for building transitional learning spaces (TLS) is reduced by approximately four weeks compared to existing practices. Recommendations for each case study are based on the Child-Friendly School Principles that guide the process to deliver healthy, safer, inclusive and effective learning environments for children.

This manual is a reference document and practical guidebook to help countries implement child-friendly school (CFS) model. The model can be viewed as a package solution and a holistic instrument for pulling together a comprehensive range of interventions in quality education. It includes an analysis of education, disaster risk reduction and climate change.

This technical document includes a case study on climate change and children in Kenya. It provides examples of the type of support that may be needed to prevent or reduce future impacts of climate change. It stresses that by involving children in climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction programmes, there is potential for improved outcomes. The study also describes programmes that can help communities in Kenya adapt to specific challenges posed by climate change. These examples are based on successful United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) programmes in other countries facing similar climatic challenges to Kenya.

This technical document shows that disasters continue to hinder progress in child welfare and development, despite global efforts to meet the Millennium Development Goals and to respond better to the growing number of emergencies. The research contributes to building an improved understanding of 1) how different intensities of disaster affect children in different contexts and 2) the structures needed to realise the benefits of engaging children as active citizens and agents of change at the sub-national and local scale. In its analysis of trends in the impacts of disasters on child welfare, the report differentiates between high impact disasters (intensive), often referred to as “emergencies”, and those lower impact events that are persistent and widespread (extensive) but represent a significant yet largely unrecognised component of disaster impacts and costs.

This brochure briefly introduces the concept of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) approach to it. It also presents UNICEF related activities, with a particular focus on education and children’s rights.

This policy document argues that increasing the money available to deal with climate change will provide the resources to protect children from the worst impacts of climate change through adaptation, and will also ensure a safer future for all generations through low carbon development.

This policy document stresses that many developing countries, and particularly children in these countries, are already suffering the most from climate changes despite being the least responsible for the emissions that cause them. It underlines the need for action to help children and communities in these vulnerable countries to adapt to current and future climate changes and to ensure they have the skills, knowledge and resilience to survive and thrive in spite of the challenges presented by climate change. At the same time, emerging economies need support to pursue the path of low carbon development and mitigation in order to reduce emissions in emerging economies. Such action requires considerable financial resources. The document explores climate finance as a solution.