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This manual provides scientists and coastal managers with a practical tool for measuring carbon stocks in coastal and marine ecosystems.

This activity report summarizes the findings and recommendations of a Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR) conducted in the Philippines, including an analytical snapshot of the policies, institutions, and expenditures for undertaking climate action in the Philippines, and recommendations to contribute to a successful implementation of the Philippine climate reform agenda.

This analytical report provides Ghana with an important opportunity to help shape its future low carbon development. The implementation of a sustainable value chain Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) will help Ghana to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the current value chain.

This manual is meant to help explain the need for mainstreaming climate concerns and where to find the available wealth of information. It indicates the type of discussion/research that should be undertaken at the inception, implementation and the closure of a GEF IW project. The guide also provides examples from the IW Portfolio to bring accessible and practical approaches to supplement the extensive list of approaches given in a reference section. This guide adresses marine projects.

This manual is meant to help explain the need for mainstreaming climate concerns and where to find the available wealth of information. It indicates the type of discussion/research that should be undertaken at the inception, implementation and the closure of a GEF IW project. The guide also provides examples from the IW Portfolio to bring accessible and practical approaches to supplement the extensive list of approaches given in a reference section. This guide adresses fresh water projects.

This manual is a fundamental guide for negociators and people in charge of formulating national climate change policies.

This booklet introduces the comprehensive and multidisciplinary projects and programmes undertaken by the UN system, many of them through partnerships involving UN and other international organizations, civil society, the private sector and academia.

This activity report describes the proceedings of, and presentations and discussions held during, three workshops aimed at training national focal points and other key experts from non-Annex I parties. All three workshops included sessions on, inter alia: general themes relating to the development of national GHG inventory management systems; the five sectors of the national GHG inventory; and implementation of cross-cutting issues.

This activity report presents the amount of climate finance that was provided by Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs). It also provides: an overview of and guidance on the adaptation finance tracking methodology; the context of vulnerability to climate variability and change; a clear and direct link between climate vulnerability and project activities; and adaptation case studies. 

This report details examples of action being taken by investors that support a low carbon, climate resilient economy. While further policy action is required in order for low carbon investments to be brought to scale, these examples demonstrate that investors are already acting on climate change in a variety of ways. These activities include direct low carbon investments, the creation of low carbon funds, company engagement, and reducing exposure to fossil fuel and carbon intensive companies.

This technical document seeks to provide a resource for city managers and other stakeholders in their consideration of climate change mitigation strategies and other sustainable development goals. It aims to raise awareness among local stakeholders on the potential for climate finance in the built environment, and help local governments use climate finance mechanisms for increasing energy performance, improving resource efficiency and supporting wider climate strategies while creating additional revenue.

This analytical report reveals that, as a result of the implementation of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the ozone layer is expected to recover to 1980 benchmark levels. However, the Assessment finds that climate benefits of the Protocol could potentially be offset by hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emissions, used to replace ozone depleting substances (ODS). The report notes that HFC emissions are growing at 7% a year and, left unabated, will significantly contribute to climate change over the coming decades. It suggests that replacing HFCs with low global warming potential alternatives would limit this problem. The report also concludes that concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide will influence the state of the ozone layer in second half of this century. Specifically, the report predicts that nitrous oxide, which is both a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) and an ozone depleting gas, will become more important in future ozone depletion.

This activity report demonstrates that Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have time and again risen to the task of managing their fragile environments to meet their sustainable development goals through a broad range of actions, including conservation and sustainable use of critical marine and coastal resources, climate change mitigation, adaptation efforts and more.

This analytical report highlights the key climate and development challenges faced by African Small Island Developing States (SIDS). It underscores the uniqueness of these challenges and outlines how climate change also provides opportunities for spurring development in Africa.

This activity report aims to analyse experiences that countries participating in UNDP’s Emission Capacity Building (LECB) Programme have had in engaging the private sector and to provide some recommendations on how to do so in the future.  The lessons learned benefit local climate-change-mitigation practitioners, donor agencies, and international institutions involved in capacity building or in the design and implementation of mitigation actions in developing countries.

This activity report identifies barriers to the design and implementation of low emission development strategies (LEDS) and nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) encountered in developing countries, based on the experience of LECB Programme countries. The main barriers that must be targeted are those of raising technical skill and human capacities in key areas such as baseline development, strengthening political commitment and coordination among key ministries, engaging stakeholders, and securing financing for the development and implementation of LEDS and NAMAs.

This analytical report reviews, for both policy makers and other stakeholders, the current and future implications of climate change impacts in Africa. It also reviews solutions for responding to the challenges posed by climate change.

This policy document identifies allocation provisions and institutional mechanisms that can mitigate potential conflicts between basin States in the face of increasing water variability caused by climate change. It outlines the linkages among climate change, water variability and security; identifies elements in treaty design that could reduce conflict; and assesses the resilience of treaties ratified between 1948 and 2001, examining the effect of institutional and allocation mechanisms under conditions of variability on cooperation and conflict over time.

This activity report focuses on the outcome of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) “Foresight Process” that UNEP undertook in 2013 to identify emerging environmental issues of concern to SIDS. This process followed on the broader 2012 UNEP Foresight Process on Emerging Environmental Issues, which identified issues and solutions on a global scale and with a global perspective. A SIDS Foresight Panel, composed of experts from the three SIDS regions, as well as other experts, facilitated the SIDS Foresight Process, which resulted in a consolidated list of 20 priority issues and a final report, incorporating comments from an external review, including by the Foresight Panel, UNEP and the SIDS Community of Practice.