Bibliothèque

This technical document examines the major issues and developments related to climate change impacts and responses in the Asia-Pacific region as regards forests and highlights related opportunities for regional action to address gaps and needs. This publication is intended to provide a point of departure for identifying and catalyzing regional action to complement and enhance national efforts.

This technical document aims to provide an overview of forest and climate change issues, actions and areas for cooperation in the Eastern European and Central Asian countries. The country reports included within were prepared and presented at the FAO workshop on “Climate change impacts on forest management in Eastern Europe and Central Asia” (Sopron, Hungary, 14-16 April 2010). It is hoped that the publication will raise awareness of the specific needs of these countries regarding forests and climate change, in particular regarding climate change adaptation but also mitigation, and will provide a point of departure for identifying and catalyzing regional action to complement and enhance national efforts.

This technical document presents a review of current agricultural mitigation projects. This inventory was compiled in order to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art with respect to the types of agricultural projects currently developed, their focus, objectives and activities as well as the entry points for their establishment. The inventory aims to explore and shed light on the agricultural sector’s interest and involvement in the carbon markets.

This technical document sums up the lessons that can be drawn from the analysis and interpretation of the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use Mitigation Project (AFOLU MP) database collecting information on ongoing agriculture and forestry mitigation projects. This paper sets the context for the pilot projects that are being developed under the Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture (MICCA) project, assesses the status of AFOLU mitigation projects and identifies the gaps to be filled on the climate change agenda to enable the AFOLU sectors to contribute in a recognised way to climate change mitigation.

This technical document is designed to guide users through the complex world of CDM methodologies. By clearly summarizing, classifying and illustrating the methodologies available under the CDM, and then enhancing the means by which to search those methodologies, this publication serves to guide potential CDM project participants. The booklet aims to inspire the creation of CDM projects and to find the methodology needed to implement specific ideas.

The information contained in this technical document is based on national GHG inventory submissions received as of 18 October 2010. It shows the status of reporting of GHG inventories by Annex I Parties in 2010, and provides a summary of the latest available data on the GHG emissions and removals for the period 1990–2008 of parties included in Annex I to the Convention. All 41 Annex I Parties submitted their GHG inventory common reporting format (CRF) tables and national inventory reports (NIRs) in 2010.

This activity report provides an overview of the discussions on, and the issues identified in relation to, the implementation of the Nairobi work programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change at the informal meeting of representatives of Parties and organizations and experts to consider the outcomes of the activities completed under the work programme, which was held from 28 to 30 September 2010 in Manila, the Philippines. Recommendations and suggestions were provided on ways and means to strengthen activities beyond 2010 in support of enhanced adaptation action in all sectors and at all levels.

This analytical report contains articles on experiences with carbon markets and on the future role of the carbon market and the private sector in scaling up investments for REDD+ and engaging communities. The articles look at the global, national and local levels and address issues such as how to create incentives to participate in REDD+, its implementation and possible financing. Finally, the authors make suggestions for a future international REDD+ regime.

This activity report highlights UN-Habitat activities in Eastern, Southern and Central Europe focusing on better urban planning, stronger local government, climate change measures and decentralization. The Bulletin underscores the role of spatial planning in protecting people from future disasters, noting that natural disasters, such as flooding, subsidence and brush fire related problems, are increasingly threatening the region.

This analytical report provides an in-depth evaluation of options for the design of climate technology centres and networks, building from a review of the existing ones. The paper also evaluates potential implementation approaches and activities for the functions defined for the climate technology centre and network in the draft United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) technology decision to be further considered at COP-16.

This analytical report looks at potential financing opportunities and costs of mitigation and adaptation in the urban context. Cities and the people who live in them account for more than 80 percent of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, more than 80 percent of the overall annual global costs of adaptation to climate change are estimated to be borne by urban areas. In this document wide-ranging potential sources for finance for climate action are described, and suggestions are made for more-effective responses to climate investment challenges in cities.

This activity report introduces the Carbon Finance Assist Program and describes its 2009 goals and activities. Key lessons include the development of awareness and infrastructure in terms of carbon finance and of indicators to better reflect the performance parameters and establish better correlation between outputs and outcomes. In addition, it is important to build capacity and move implementation from a retail face-to-face approach to a more wholesaling approach where programs can be delivered through means such as virtual platforms and regional organizations.

This analytical report presents 11 lessons from the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility’s experience in reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Overall lessons stress the importance of financial incentives and governance to address this challenge. Other crucial elements include poverty reduction, national accountability and local implementation, and timing and sequencing to piloting REDD+. This note is offered in order to help facilitate communication among FCPF participants and observers, to create a better understanding of how much progress has been made to date, and to share ideas on how to address the challenges ahead.

This manual is a step-by-step guide on how to develop adaptation initiatives in developing countries. The guide helps to understand how to differentiate between a climate change adaptation and a traditional development initiative, and what key elements must be considered when developing and designing an adaptation initiative. It sets out the fundamental components of the design process, the approach to building stakeholder consensus, and key tools and methodologies. Throughout the text, features (such as useful tips, case studies and explanatory diagrams) aim to further facilitate practical implementation of the guidance.

This analytical report highlights that little progress has been made so far in reversing deforestation trends in most tropical and subtropical countries. The document introduces the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility’s activities in this regard. This partnership is designed to set the stage for a large-scale system of incentives for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, providing a source of financing for the sustainable use of forest resources and biodiversity conservation, and for the more than 1.2 billion people who depend to varying degrees on forests for their livelihoods.

This technical document presents an assessment of the Carbon Market in 2008. The report emphasizes that the carbon market was one of the most visible result of early regulatory efforts to mitigate climate change. Its biggest success in 2008 was to send market signals for the price of mitigating carbon emissions. This, in turn, stimulated innovation and carbon abatement worldwide, as motivated individuals, communities, companies and governments cooperated to reduce emissions.

This technical document presents an assessment of the Carbon Market in 2009. The authors emphasize that this was a year of significant global changes that particularly affected the Carbon Market. This continued to grow in 2008, reaching a total value transacted of about US$126 billion (€86 billion) at the end of the year, double its 2007 value. However, it started to decline during the summer of 2009 because of lower oil and energy prices and a deteriorating economic outlook.

This technical report presents an assessment of the state of the Carbon Market in 2010. It unerlines that the carbon market endured its most challenging year to date in 2009 because of the global economic crisis that negatively impacted both the demand and supply sides of the market. As industrial output plummeted, the demand for carbon assets fell. On the supply side the financial crisis spurred financial institutions and private investors to deleverage and redirect their positions away from risky investments. As a result, many project developers found it impossible to lock in finance and project origination effectively ground to a halt.

This activity report presents the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility’s main activities and achievements in fiscal year 2010. The FCPF has served as a platform bringing together 50 countries and a broad representation of stakeholders, and for engaging these parties in the REDD+ agenda. This partnership has not only allowed participants to discuss opportunities and challenges to implementing REDD+ in their respective countries, but has also given them a space to put forward different solutions with the rich input of colleagues and forestry experts outside of the climate negotiations.

Using the CDM lens, this analytical report explores the potential for low-carbon energy projects for development in Sub-Saharan Africa. To this end, the study team identified technologies that could use the available approved CDM methodologies—many of which have already been applied successfully to projects in other developing regions—to both reduce GHG emissions and support energy development in the region via additional energy supply or more cost-effective use. This study reveals a large, diversified range of CDM opportunities across Sub-Saharan Africa’s energy sector.