Bibliothèque

This technical document is a compendium that reviews some 400 major scientific contributions to the current understanding of Earth Systems and climate that have been released through peer-reviewed literature or from research institutions over the last three years, since the close of research for consideration by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report.

This activity report presents the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)’s strategy to assist countries best realize a low carbon, resource efficient Green Economy for the 21st century. The strategy identifies three priority areas that match calls for international guidance, the urgent need for action at a national level on climate change and the organization’s skill set, experience and mandate. Those areas are: ecosystems-based adaptation, reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD and REDD+), clean technology readiness.

This activity report on climate neutrality draws upon the experiences of nearly 200 participants of the Climate Neutral Network (CN Net) led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which includes countries, regions, cities, companies and organizations that are moving towards low-carbon economies and societies. The 10 case studies presented examine the areas of transport, building and construction, food, banking and finance, media and advertising, event management, energy, and information and communication technologies.

This analytical report aims to assess the realistic potential and the major constraints of combining carbon sink and bioenergy use projects in the CDM. The report starts with an overview of the current state of biomass use in developing countries. These days, energy from biomass is considered a new and modern option in the industrialized world. In developing countries bio-fuels is still largely viewed as a traditional practice. CDM could help changing this and this report shows the technological options available.

This analytical report finds that Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, while reducing emissions, too often do not contribute to sustainable development. It therefore proposes an international standard for CDM sustainability assessment – additional to national definitions – to counter weaknesses in the existing system of sustainability approval by Designated National Authorities in host countries.

This analytical report analyzes the decision made at the first Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol to include programs in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the June 2007 guidance provided by the Executive Board of the CDM. The paper identifies the potential and the niche for end-use energy efficiency projects under the new programmatic approach of the CDM. Furthermore it presents the basic understanding of the emission reduction potential in EE and gives insights into how to handle the dispersed nature of most EE efforts.

This analytical report argues that the structure of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has reduced the effectiveness of the resources spent on carbon reduction and attempts to measure the cost of the ineffectiveness analysing the projects registered under the CDM by measuring their cost of abatement against the price paid for doing the abatement.

The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to answer the question of what role the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) plays in relation to transfer of technology and knowledge. It focuses on companies involved in the implementation of specific technologies in CDM projects and channels that can facilitate the transfer process.

This analytical report looks at the no-lose targets in the electricity sector as a way to overcome weaknesses of the current Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and to encourage structural changes and significant reduction of CO2 emissions in carbon-intensive sectors in developing countries.

This analytical report proposes and investigates a project-based crediting mechanism which is based on a national CO2 emission intensity standard for new power plants to be added in the electricity sector from 2013-2020 in several developing countries.

This manual aims to support the development of biogas programmes as Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Programme of Activities (PoA) and to assist in determining the most suitable set-up for them. Although hope are high towards the Programme of Activities approach bringing in micro size projects under the CDM mechanism, developers are still facing numerous obstacles.

This analytical report looks at the poorest and most vulnerable nations to climate change and analyses how they can influence the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The findings are that the potential to influence the negotiations is limited by the decision-making procedures of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the dependence on other G77&China members’ priorities and a lack of joint strategy among low-power groups themselves.

This analytical report is intended as a public resource for stakeholders undertaking activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, whether under the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism or other market-based instruments for carbon trading.

This analytical report tries to answer the question « how to reform the CDM in a post-2012 climate regime? ». It includes thirteen papers on four key issues: sustainable development and equity; institutional reform; expansion of project categories; scaling up mitigation. 

This analytical report is an introduction to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). It  provides an overview of the CDM’s background, structure, and project cycle, and examines the potential value and benefits for participating developing countries. The document suggests steps for developing a national CDM strategy and provides examples of CDM projects. While the basic rules have been established, the CDM is a work in progress by participating governments.

This technical document aims to show how Peru has designed an institutional strategy to promote the CDM under a “national project cycle ” inspired by and complying with the international rules for the CDM. The purpose of this study on Peru’s Institutional Strategy to Promote the CDM, is to disseminate among developing countries the experience of one host country in installing a national operational procedure for the approval of CDM projects. Several lessons can be learned from the Peruvian CDM experience, which are relevant for other developing countries.

This guideline aims to provide a general introduction to policy makers and experts on how Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects can be developed and designed in a way where they assist sustainable development as required in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol. The intention is to provide a broad overview of how sustainable development can be understood as a practical policy framework in relation to CDM projects.

The technical document is a guidebook that aims at providing an in-depth analysis of the various types of risks associated with the different stages of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project cycle and possible legal and contractual approaches that could be adopted to minimize these risks.

This technical document gives a comprehensive overview of the CDM, its project cycle and related issues. This guidebook aims to help all stakeholders better understand the CDM and to contribute to maximize its effects  in achieving the ultimate goals of the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol.

This technical document identifies the 20 most common pitfalls that the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project proponents fall into when preparing a CDM Project Design Documents (PDDs). The guidebook targets CDM project proponents in developing countries, specifically those engaged in PDD preparation. It draws upon the extensive knowledge of Det Norske Veritas (DNV), which has validated more than 50% of all CDM projects coming through to the validation stage.