Biblioteca

This manual aims to support the development of biogas programmes as Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Programme of Activities (PoA) and to assist in determining the most suitable set-up for them. Although hope are high towards the Programme of Activities approach bringing in micro size projects under the CDM mechanism, developers are still facing numerous obstacles.

This analytical report looks at the poorest and most vulnerable nations to climate change and analyses how they can influence the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The findings are that the potential to influence the negotiations is limited by the decision-making procedures of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the dependence on other G77&China members’ priorities and a lack of joint strategy among low-power groups themselves.

This analytical report is intended as a public resource for stakeholders undertaking activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, whether under the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism or other market-based instruments for carbon trading.

This analytical report tries to answer the question «how to reform the CDM in a post-2012 climate regime?». It includes thirteen papers on four key issues: sustainable development and equity; institutional reform; expansion of project categories; scaling up mitigation. 

This analytical report is an introduction to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). It  provides an overview of the CDM’s background, structure, and project cycle, and examines the potential value and benefits for participating developing countries. The document suggests steps for developing a national CDM strategy and provides examples of CDM projects. While the basic rules have been established, the CDM is a work in progress by participating governments.

This technical document aims to show how Peru has designed an institutional strategy to promote the CDM under a “national project cycle ” inspired by and complying with the international rules for the CDM. The purpose of this study on Peru’s Institutional Strategy to Promote the CDM, is to disseminate among developing countries the experience of one host country in installing a national operational procedure for the approval of CDM projects. Several lessons can be learned from the Peruvian CDM experience, which are relevant for other developing countries.

This guideline aims to provide a general introduction to policy makers and experts on how Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects can be developed and designed in a way where they assist sustainable development as required in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol. The intention is to provide a broad overview of how sustainable development can be understood as a practical policy framework in relation to CDM projects.

The technical document is a guidebook that aims at providing an in-depth analysis of the various types of risks associated with the different stages of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project cycle and possible legal and contractual approaches that could be adopted to minimize these risks.

This technical document gives a comprehensive overview of the CDM, its project cycle and related issues. This guidebook aims to help all stakeholders better understand the CDM and to contribute to maximize its effects  in achieving the ultimate goals of the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol.

This technical document identifies the 20 most common pitfalls that the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project proponents fall into when preparing a CDM Project Design Documents (PDDs). The guidebook targets CDM project proponents in developing countries, specifically those engaged in PDD preparation. It draws upon the extensive knowledge of Det Norske Veritas (DNV), which has validated more than 50% of all CDM projects coming through to the validation stage.

The technical document presents the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as a key instrument for limiting greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable development. It takes the reader through basic concepts and the processes of developing baseline and baseline methodology. Additionally, it presents indicative methodologies for small scale CDM projects and examples of approved methodologies for project specific baselines.

This technical document addresses the barriers to CDM implementation by providing information aimed at both developing country financial institutions and at CDM project proponents. It should be noted that while the guidebook was developed particularly with the CDM in mind, most sections will also be relevant for Joint Implementation (JI) project activities.

This  technical document consists of the second edition of the PDD guidebook. It includes a revised version of the pitfalls during the validation process of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects and presents a new section dedicated to the pitfalls faced during the verification process. Also available in Portuguese.

This technical document addresses a wide range of legal and regulatory issues arising from the domestic laws, regulations and policies of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Host Countries that can affect the development and implementation of CDM projects. The Guidebook illustrates some Host Country laws that specifically address the CDM, as well as how general domestic legal regimes may impact or inhibit CDM project implementation, such as: property rights; environmental and planning laws; investment and taxation laws; and financial services regulations.

This technical document sheds light on the basic aspects of designing, developing and implementing GHG emissions reductions under the concept of Programme of Activities (PoAs). The publication clarifies some common misconceptions about CDM Programs (PoAs) and includes recommendations for the identification of stakeholders and contracting. Its principal goal is to enrich the reader’s understanding of what it takes to deliver certified emission reductions from PoAs.

This document addresses the importance of investment in the climate change sector and looks at the UNEP strategy in engaging the finance sector with climate change. For many applications, solar water heaters, solar photovoltaic systems, small hydro and various energy efficiency options are mature, cost-effective technologies with decreasing costs and substantial environmental and economic benefits. However, even in places with ample local renewable energy resources, markets for these technologies are still slow to develop – even with record oil prices and high costs of conventional energy.

This analytical report draws from a recent series of UN-sponsored workshops and UNEP’s own experience in supporting outreach activities. The handbook gathers together a range of practical experiences and common sense lessons in the field of awareness-raising from Africa, the Asia-Pacific, Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean.

This video presents the relationship between temperature rise and increase of diseases among children.

This analytical report is the first comprehensive report on the emergence of a “green economy” and its impact on the world of work in the 21st Century. It assembles evidence, quantitative and conceptual, for currently existing green jobs in sectors such as renewable energy, energy efficiency in buildings and vehicles, sustainable transportation, and organic agriculture.

This technical document describes and evaluates the project Assessments of Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change in Multiple Regions and Sectors (AIACC) implemented over the period 2001-2007. The project had three objectives: enhance scientific capacity in developing countries to assess climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation; advance scientific understanding of these issues; and improve links between climate change science and policy communities to enable adaptation planning and action.